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Euro area bank lending survey

The euro area bank lending survey (BLS) provides information on bank lending conditions in the euro area. It supplements existing statistics with information on the supply of, and demand for, loans to enterprises and households. The BLS provides input to the assessment of monetary and economic developments carried out by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB), which feeds into the monetary policy decision-making process.

The BLS is conducted four times a year. It is usually published in January, April, July and October.

Release calendar

Survey Results – second quarter of 2025

Credit standards

Banks reported broadly unchanged credit standards for loans to firms amid geopolitical uncertainty and trade tensions. Credit standards tightened slightly for housing loans and more markedly for consumer credit.

More on credit standards
Loan demand

Firms’ demand for loans increased slightly in net terms but remained weak overall amid geopolitical uncertainty and trade tensions, in spite of the support from declining interest rates. Demand for housing loans continued to increase substantially, while demand for consumer credit increased only slightly.

More on loan demand
Further insights

Banks reported that credit standards for all loan categories had tightened due to the impact of credit quality indicators. Developments in credit standards and loan demand varied across the main economic sectors. While credit standards had eased for green firms, firms in transition and buildings with high energy performance, they had tightened for high-emitting firms and buildings with low energy performance.  

More on bank lending

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For the media

In the latest bank lending survey, conducted between 13 June and 1 July 2025, banks reported on changes in bank lending conditions and loan demand from firms and households in the second quarter of 2025, along with their expectations for the third quarter of 2025.

Read the press release

Full report

Find out more about the latest survey results on bank lending conditions and loan demand from firms and households in the euro area. The report also covers several ad hoc questions on topics of interest for monetary policy, such as bank funding.

Read the report

Analyse the results

About the survey

The euro area bank lending survey (BLS) was launched by the Eurosystem in 2003. Its main objective is to enhance the Eurosystem’s knowledge of bank lending conditions in the euro area. It provides information on the lending policies of euro area banks and supplements existing statistics on loans and bank lending rates with information on the supply of, and demand for, loans to enterprises and households. The BLS provides input to the Governing Council’s assessment of monetary and economic developments, which feeds into the monetary policy decision-making process.

The BLS is conducted four times a year and addressed to senior loan officers at a representative sample of euro area banks, comprising around 150 institutions representing all euro area countries, and takes into account the characteristics of the respective national banking structures.

Questionnaire and glossary

This glossary defines the most important terminology used in the bank lending survey (BLS) and has been put together to assist respondent banks in filling out the questionnaire.

The BLS contains 22 standard questions on past and expected credit market developments. Past developments cover the previous three-month period, while expected developments focus on the following three-month period. Overall, the BLS includes 18 backward and four forward-looking questions to capture both recent and expected developments. The BLS also includes an open-ended question with space for participating banks to respond.

In addition, it may contain ad hoc questions on specific topics of interest.

The questions are classified according to the two borrower sectors that are the focus of the survey, i.e. enterprises and households. Loans to households are broken down into loans for house purchases, on the one hand, and consumer credit and other lending, on the other. 

Results by country

Availability in the Statistical Data Warehouse (SDW)

Country Diffusion indices Net percentages Link to NCB website publication
BE YES YES National Bank of Belgium
DE YES YES Deutsche Bundesbank
EE YES YES Eesti Pank
IE YES YES Central Bank of Ireland
GR YES YES Bank of Greece
ES YES YES Banco de España
FR YES YES Banque de France

HR

YES

YES

Hrvatska narodna banka

IT YES YES Banca d'Italia
CY

YES 

YES

Central Bank of Cyprus
LV YES YES Latvijas Banka
LT YES YES Lietuvos bankas
LU YES YES Banque Centrale du Luxembourg
MT* YES YES Central Bank of Malta
NL YES YES De Nederlandsche Bank
AT YES YES Oesterreichische Nationalbank
PT YES YES Banco de Portugal
SI YES YES national BLS results published only on SDW
SK*

YES

YES

Národná banka Slovenska
FI YES YES national BLS results published only on SDW
* The results for Malta and Slovakia, available in the SDW, are weighted by the share of the outstanding amount of loans issued by each bank in the respective national BLS sample in the total outstanding amount of loans issued by the banks in the national sample. For Slovakia, the results shown on the national website are based on a larger national sample of banks.

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