Payments and markets glossary

A credit institution is “reachable” if it can execute a credit transfer order and/or a direct debit instruction sent by any other bank in a particular currency area.

A settlement system in which processing and settlement take place on a transaction-by-transaction basis in real time.

The transfer of assets from the account of one investor central securities depository (CSD) to the account of another investor CSD, both of which are held with the issuer CSD, in order to reflect the transfer of assets between participants in those investor CSDs. See also investor CSD, issuer CSD

A procedure to verify that two sets of records issued by two different entities match.

In the field of direct debits, a claim made by a debtor for the reimbursement of debits effected from its account (with or without a specific reason being indicated by that debtor).

In the field of direct debits, an instruction issued by a debtor prior to settlement, for whatever reason, to the effect that the debtor bank should not make a direct debit payment.

See registry (registrar)

The documenting of the ownership of securities in the records of the issuer, in a registry or in a central securities depository (CSD).

An entity that records the ownership of securities on behalf of the issuer.

In the field of payments, a payment transaction whose normal execution is prevented by the payment service provider of either the payer or the payee prior to settlement.

A contractual and technical arrangement that allows issuer and investor central securities depositories (issuer and investor CSDs) to hold and transfer securities through an account with a third CSD (a “middle CSD”), which acts as an intermediary.

Direct access by an institution established in one country to a system (e.g. a payment system, a securities settlement system or a central counterparty (CCP)) established in another country.

A participant in a system which operates from a country other than that in which the system in question is located.

A payment made from a distance, without the payer and payee being present at the same physical location. Antonym: face-to-face payment

The risk that, owing to a party to a transaction failing to meet its obligation on the settlement date, its counterparty may have to replace the original transaction at current market prices (“replacement cost”). See also market risk

The process of borrowing money by combining the sale of an asset (usually a fixed income security) with the subsequent repurchase of that same asset for a slightly higher price (which reflects the borrowing rate).

A funds transfer system which typically handles a large volume of payments of relatively low value in forms such as cheques, credit transfers and direct debits.

A non-time-critical payment of relatively low value. These payments are typically made outside of the financial markets and are both initiated by and made to individuals and non-financial institutions. Antonym: large-value payment

A card issued by a merchant for use at specified merchant outlets.

Funds sent back by the payee to the payer following settlement of the original payment instruction. The term “return” is used in connection with both direct debits and credit transfers.

See real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system