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Gianluigi Lopardo

International & European Relations

Division

International Policy Analysis

Current Position

Research Analyst

Fields of interest

Mathematical and Quantitative Methods,Financial Economics

Email

Gianluigi.Lopardo@ecb.europa.eu

Education
2021-2024

PhD in Applied Mathematics, Inria & Université Côte d'Azur, France

2019-2021

MSc in Mathematical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

2016-2019

BSc in Mathematics for Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Professional experience
2024-2025

PhD Trainee - International Policy Analysis Division, Directorate General International & European Relations, European Central Bank

2021-2024

Doctoral Researcher - Inria & Université Côte d'Azur, France

2021-2024

Teaching Assistant - Université Côte d'Azur, France

2020-2021

Machine Learning Engineer Intern - Alten, France

2021

AI Research Intern - Maasai team, Inria Sophia Antipolis, France

Awards
2025

Young Researcher Prize (Victoires de la Recherche - Prix Jeune Chercheur), Ville de Nice

Teaching experience
2023-2024

Mathematical Statistics - Mathematical Engineering MSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

2023-2024

Statistics 2 - Economics BSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

2023-2024

Probability and Introduction to Statistics - Economics BSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

2022-2023

Mathematical Methods - BSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

2022-2023

Introduction to Mathematics - BSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

2021-2022

Mathematical Statistics - Mathematical Engineering MSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

2021-2022

Fundamentals of Mathematics - BSc, Université Côte d'Azur, France

12 August 2025
WORKING PAPER SERIES - No. 3093
Details
Abstract
This paper investigates the economic impact of technological innovation, focusing on generative AI (GenAI) following ChatGPT’s release in November 2022. We propose a novel framework leveraging large language models to analyze earnings call transcripts. Our method quantifies firms’ GenAI exposure and classifies sentiment as opportunity, adoption, or risk. Using panel econometric techniques, we assess GenAI exposure’s impact on S&P 500 firms’ financial performance over 2014-2023. We find two main results. First, GenAI exposure rose sharply after ChatGPT’s release, particularly in IT, Consumer Services, and Consumer Discretionary sectors, coinciding with sentiment shifts toward adoption. Second, GenAI exposure significantly influenced stock market performance. Firms with early and high GenAI exposure saw stronger returns, though earnings expectations improved modestly. Panel regressions show a 1 percentage point increase in GenAI exposure led to 0.26% rise in quarterly excess returns. Difference-in-Difference estimates indicate 2.4% average quarterly stock price increases following ChatGPT’s release.
JEL Code
C80 : Mathematical and Quantitative Methods→Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology, Computer Programs→General
G14 : Financial Economics→General Financial Markets→Information and Market Efficiency, Event Studies, Insider Trading
G30 : Financial Economics→Corporate Finance and Governance→General
L25 : Industrial Organization→Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior→Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
O33 : Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth→Technological Change, Research and Development, Intellectual Property Rights→Technological Change: Choices and Consequences, Diffusion Processes
2025
VoxEU column
  • M. Ca’ Zorzi, G. Lopardo, A.-S. Manu
2025
European Central Bank Working Paper Series
  • M. Ca’ Zorzi, G. Lopardo, A.-S. Manu
2024
Université Côte d’Azur
  • Gianluigi Lopardo
2024
International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)
  • G. Lopardo, F. Precioso, D. Garreau
2023
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS)
  • G. Lopardo, F. Precioso, D. Garreau
2023
arXiv
  • G. Lopardo, F. Precioso, D. Garreau
2023
54es Journées de Statistique, Société Française de Statistique (SFdS)
  • G. Lopardo, F. Precioso, D. Garreau
2022
2-nd Workshop on Explainable and Ethical AI-26TH International Conference on Pattern Recognition (XAIE @ ICPR),
  • G. Lopardo, D. Garreau
2022
Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD)
  • G. Lopardo, D. Garreau, F. Precioso, G. Ottosson
2021
Politecnico di Torino
  • Gianluigi Lopardo